This is a collection of links that might be relevant in unforeseen cases. See Reading for links that should be more directly interesting for the project.
(Boehm GC)
Real-world garbage collection with LLVM (Reddit)
Getting Started in *Lisp (1991), incl. Connection Machine Lisp etc.
The Esterel and Lustre programming languages
Pixie (Clojure-inspired Lisp implemented in/on RPython)
A fast Lisp interpreter in Dart (HN)
(Kashmir, "a statically typed LISPy language that compiles to native code using Go" (HN))
Scheme 9 from Empty Space - A Guide to Implementing Scheme in C, Scheme 9 from Empty Space
PLisp (Apple II, i.e. 6502) (mentioned on HN)
uLisp - Lisp for the Arduino (HN)
Sild is a lisp dialect (HN) (intepreted, in C)
esp-lisp (lisp interpeter for a ESP8266)
PicoLisp (the dynamically scoped only (?) lisp from software-lab.de, including distributed database, logic, OS)
(Yalo)
Urbit ?
WAM-CL: Common Lisp in Prolog (groups.google.com) (HN, Github)
Lisp Flavoured Erlang (LFE), lfe.io
A No-Frills Introduction to Lua 5.1 VM Instructions
Z-machine, First Infocom Z-machine implemented in hardware (github.com) (HN) (in Verilog/FPGA)
Sweet 16: The 6502 Dream Machine (1977) (more detail) (HN)
Swift Intermediate Language: LLVM conference slides (pdf) (HN); Rust HIR, MIR.
Rich Hickey – Inside Transducers [video] (HN)
We're building the GNU system [HN]
The Y Combinator – A Crash Course on Lambda Calculus
Things I learned writing a JIT in Go (describes the Go ABI and other internals)
(Hylas / Corvus, a statically-typed, low-level dialect of Lisp that targets LLVM.)
How to Design Programs, Second Edition (HN)
Annotated Version of John McCarthy’s Paper on Lisp (fermatslibrary.com) (HN)
How to implement a programming language in JavaScript (HN)
Category Theory for the Sciences (HN)
Terra (C-like language embedded in Lua, kind of a Prescheme for Lua)
Scratching Forth, a compiler from Forth to Scratch (HN)
Grass the grass-planting programming language
False (from Cat's Eye Technologies: Esoteric Topics in Computer Programming from HN)
COMFY-6502, Sassy (from HN)
lithium (assembler for x86, using Clojure S-expressions)
(a brainfuck monad (HN))
Adventures in JIT compilation (Brainfuck) HN, part1, part2
(Fluxus: a Scheme engine for (3D) livecoding (HN))
Functional Programming Patterns (slides) (HN), updated (HN)
Dr. Alan Kay on the Meaning of “Object-Oriented Programming” (HN)
Synchronous programming language
IO monad realized in 1965 (HN)
(Asynchronous Programming, Monads and Continuations in C#, F# and Scala)
(The A-Z of Programming Languages)
Elixir, HN: Metaprogramming Elixir
Meta-programming JavaScript Using Proxies (HN) (new Proxy api in ecmascript6)
The Expression Problem and its solutions (Eli Bendersky) (HN) (Most of the mainstream programming languages don't provide good tools to add both new types and new operations to an existing system without having to change existing code. This is called the "expression problem".)
An Explanation of Type Inference for ML/Haskell (HN)
Inference Convergence algorithm in Julia
Wang Tiles and Turing Machines
(* Implementing a Virtual Machine in C, HN *)
A fundamental introduction to x86 assembly programming, alternatives in HN
The frozen TUNES project wiki for even more links (some of them potentially useful).